In this course, I instructs two undergraduate experiment laboratories.

My first experiment, "Grain Size Analysis," involves collecting samples of sediment from various locations around the beaches of Penang Island. Through careful analysis, student will determine the percentage of sediment grain size and gain insight into the composition of the beach profile.

My second experiment, "Ocean Parameter Profiling," is a hands-on investigation of the complex parameters that make up the sea surface layer. Using oceanic probes, student will measure key parameters such as temperature, salinity, and turbidity at coastal waters around Penang Island. Through this experiment, student will gain valuable experience in data collection and analysis, as well as a deeper appreciation for the complex profile of our oceanic ecosystem.

This course offers a comprehensive overview to the field of oceanography. From the shape of ocean basins to the morphology of the ocean floor, and the fascinating temperature, salinity, and density distributions that make up our vast oceans. We will dive into the composition of seawater, as well as exploring the effects of light and sound in the sea. Furthermore, we will delve into the mechanisms behind air-sea interaction, including heat and water cycles, and the root causes of instability in oceans. The course will also cover the basic of ocean circulation, current measurement, and the underlying causes of currents, including pressure gradient. Waves and tides will also be discussed in detail. This course offers an opportunity to expand your knowledge and appreciation of the awe-inspiring ocean world.

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This course materializes the earth-science knowledge and continuous learning in the form of a scientific project. The student is assessed in terms of the ability to conduct the project responsibly and to produce scientific report (dissertation) which will be evaluated based on the quality and the achieved objectives. The student will present the project (viva voce) towards the end of the course. My propose project for student under my supervision is related to the ocean-atmosphere interactions involving climate variabilities, by exploiting data mainly from satellites. These includes the scientific project on El-Nino Southern Oscillation, tropical cyclone, Indian Ocean Dipole, rainfall, monsoon, Madden-Julian Oscillation, and others.

This advanced course focus on the fascinating topic of ocean circulation and its extensive dynamics. One of the most important components of ocean circulation is the concept of ocean gyres, which are large systems of rotating ocean currents, driven by wind and the Earth's rotation. At the core of this complex dynamic system lies the Coriolis effect, which arises due to the rotation of the Earth, leading to the formation of the ocean gyres. In addition, we will also explore the Ekman concept of the ocean, which refers to the effect of the Earth's rotation on the direction of ocean currents at different depths. The fascinating application of studying ocean circulation and gyres lies in understanding their crucial role in transporting heat, currents, and other components, which in turn influence the Earth's climate system and maintain the stability and balance of the oceanic ecosystem. 

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In this advanced course, we will explore the fundamental role of the ocean sediment transport mechanisms in both shallow and deep-sea environments. These include the fluid force of sediment particles and their distribution patterns in estuaries, coastal areas, and the deep ocean basin. Moreover, we will investigate the types of sediment found in estuaries and the deep ocean basin, their sources, and their impact on the marine environment. We will explore the processes of erosion and sedimentation, and how they contribute to the formation of different types of sediment layers. We will also covers the interesting geological features of deep ocean basins, and its evolution. Additionally, we will discuss the nature of deep-ocean hydrothermal circulation and its impact on unique ecosystems that thrive in extreme environments. By the end of the course, you will have a deep understanding of the ocean's sedimentary environment and the ways it shapes our planet.

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In this advanced course, we will explore the small-scale dynamics of atmospheric wind and pressure systems, examining how these forces drive various meteorological phenomena such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, thunderstorms, and air pollution. We will study the mechanisms behind the formation and development of severe weather systems, and how they interact with both local and global environments. Additionally, we will cover essential weather forecasting techniques, including the analysis of synoptic charts, numerical weather prediction models, and the interpretation of meteorological data to predict short-term weather patterns. The course also includes an in-depth look at Earth's climate system, examining how atmospheric circulation patterns influence climate change and contribute to extreme weather events. By the end of the course, you will have a comprehensive understanding of small-scale meteorological phenomena, the techniques of weather forecasting, and the complex relationships between atmospheric processes and Earth's changing climate.

The Ethnic Relations course delves into the concepts, historical context, and contemporary social realities surrounding ethnic relations in Malaysia, with a particular focus on fostering social integration. Given Malaysia's rich cultural diversity, understanding the unique characteristics, traditions, and values of various ethnic groups is essential for building harmony in a multicultural society. The course emphasizes experiential learning through individual and team-based activities, allowing students to engage deeply with the subject matter. By participating in these activities, students gain practical insights into the importance of respect, tolerance, and collaboration across different ethnicities. Ultimately, the course aims to instill noble values and cultivate a strong sense of national identity, equipping students to contribute meaningfully to a cohesive and united Malaysia.